In 1991, Antonio Medina, an MIT graduate and NASA scientist, designed a VR system that would “drive” Mars rovers in apparent real time despite the substantial delay of Mars-Earth-Mars signals.
He founded the company VPL Research in 1985, which had developed some of the influential “goggles and gloves” systems of the decade. The virtual reality concept began to become mainstream in the 1980s, being popularized by Jaron Lanier, one of the modern pioneers in the field.
The polygons mode was a simple 3D model of the city.
The seasonal modes were based on a multitude of photographs taken of virtually every aspect of the city in both summer and winter. The primitive system allowed users to wander the streets of the city in one of three modes: summer, winter, and polygons.
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In 1977, MIT researchers developed the Aspen Movie Map, which was a crude virtual simulation of Aspen, Colorado. This device was primitive both in terms of user interface and realism and the HMD was so heavy that it had to be suspended from the ceiling. Ivan Sutherland, with the help of his student Bob Sproull, created what is considered the first virtual reality head-mounted display (HMD) system in 1968. He developed the Sensorama prototype in 1962 and produced five short films to be displayed on the device, engaging multiple senses (sight, sound, smell, and touch). By the 1950s, Morton Heilig was describing an “Experience Theatre” that could encompass all senses, drawing the viewer into the activity taking place onscreen or onstage. This early device recorded holographic images of fictional experiences and included smell and touch. Weinbaum described the first goggle-based VR system, called Pygmalion’s Spectacles.
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Furness III would develop the first visual flight simulator for the US Air Force in 1966. Early vehicle simulators may have helped bring about more futuristic systems that now include flight simulators, golfing simulators, spacecraft simulators, as well as simulation-based video gaming. Simulators, which today are almost everywhere, were introduced in the 1920s. While this may be a very archaic description of the term virtual reality, the future of the technology only gets better. In fact, the first mention of virtual reality can be traced back to the 1860s, when 360-degree art via panoramic murals began to appear. However, the technology is not a new one, as the term can trace its roots back more than a century. Today, VR technology is big business in many areas of the tech, medical and military community. Some advanced haptic systems now include tactile information, generally referred to as force feedback in medical, military and gaming applications. VR technology has traditionally been a virtual sight- and perhaps sound-based experience, but has the potential to recreate other sensory experiences, such as virtual taste, smell, and even touch.Īs for touch (haptic technology), some systems have already included such experiences in their designs, including vibrating controllers for video gaming, allowing players to get a feel of what is happening in a game. Virtual reality (also known as immersive multimedia) is a computer-simulated environment that mocks or simulates real-world environments, as well as simulates physical presences in real or imagined worlds.
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